Human Origins Locality Data Collective

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Human Origins Locality Data Collective
Search through the largest collection of paleoanthropology localities in the world using the interface above. This search page uses data that is input by several users. To interface directly with the underlying data
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LOCALITY: La Quina
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.03 ] • lower limit [ 0.07 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD:
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 ; Point - MSA or Mousterian; Scraper;cut marks - butchery; fire; wood tools; The Evolved Mousterian(no hand axes and with special types of scrapers) ; Scraper;
HOMINIDS: neanderthalensis;

LOCALITY: La Quina Y-Z [Villebois la Valette] 2
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02507
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 final [Quina] Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: La Riera 1 [26]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02036
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Pre-Solutrean (Upper Paleolithic)/Late Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: La Roquette II [Conquerac] 2 & 3
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0572
DATE METHOD: TML;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Quina Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: La Salpetriere [Remoulins] 13a
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01855
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: La Salpetriere [Remoulins] 30 a
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02063
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Late Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: La Vina XIII
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01993
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) I; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Lagama 3 D
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03005
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Masraqan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Lagama 7
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.03121 ] • lower limit [ 0.03417 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ahmarian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Lagama 8
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03298
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ahmarian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Langmannersdorf A
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02026
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 ?Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic)/*late Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Lapa da Rainha 4
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02558
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Solutrean (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Lapa do Anecrial 1b-2a
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02345
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Proto-Solutrean (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Lapa do Anecrial 2b
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02156
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Proto-Solutrean (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Laugerie-Haute Est 36f
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02198
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Le Piage [Fajoles] K
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0257
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) I; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Les Cottes [St. Pierre de Maille] I1
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0323
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Les Vignes [St-Martin sous Montaigu] hearth
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0211
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Perigordian V]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Lespezi II
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01762
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Apollo 11
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.025 ] • lower limit [ 0.027 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14; OSL;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 ;Howiesons Poort; Stillbay;hafting; beads adornment; art ; fire;engraving ; engraved ostrich eggshell;beads adornment; painting.
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Lukenya Hill GvJm-16; GvJm-22; GvJm-46
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.017 ] • lower limit [ 0.0185 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Bipolar cores and flakes; Blades flake; Burin; Late Stone Age; Microlith; Point projectile; Scraper; Burned bones (fire); fire (any evidence); test
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Luscic III [base]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0299
DATE METHOD: TML;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic)*; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mallaetes Cave VI
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02171
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 early Solutrean (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Melka Kunture Garba I
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.696 ] • lower limit [ 0.885 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: ARG
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode1 mode2 Acheulean; Mode 1 Mode 2;possible evidence of fire use in the form of reddened area and possible burned lithics (James S. R. et al. (1989). "Hominid use of fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A review of the evidence [and comments and replies]." Cur
HOMINIDS: erectus;

LOCALITY: Menez Dregan
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.35 ] • lower limit [ 0.5 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD:
ARCHAEOLOGY: ;fire;
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Milovice I feature G [base of overlying loess]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02522
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 [Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic)]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 10b [ca. -9.85 m] [sqs. J 02; G 5; L 5-6]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.031
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 basal Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 11 inf. [-11.9-12.1 m] [sq. J 3]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03092
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 basal Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 11 sup. [-10.9 m] [sq. J 4]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03024
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 basal Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 11 sup. [-11.0 m] [sq. L 6-5]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03116
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 basal Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 11 sup. [-9.8 m] [sq. D 5]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0311
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 basal Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 2a [-1.95 m] [sq. J 7]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02015
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 [Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic)]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 4a [-4.6 m] [sq. M 01]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02385
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 [Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic)]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 4b [-4.85-5.0 m] [sq. H 8]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02365
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 5a [-4.2 m] [sq. J 8]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02465
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 5a [-4.75 m] [sq. J 3-4]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02349
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 5a [-5.6 m] [sq. G 1]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02715
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 5b [-5.7-5.8 m] [sq. M 5-7]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02399
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 6a [-5.9 m] [sq. C 6]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0199
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 6a [-6.2 m] [sq. A 4]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0173
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 6b [-5.4 m] [sq. G 8]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02618
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 6b [-5.75 m] [sq. J 5]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0261
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 6b [-5.85 m] [sq. G 5]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02675
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 6b [-6.5-6.7 m] [sq. M 3-4]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02561
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 6b [-6.7 m] [sq. M 5]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02407
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 7a [-5.85 m] [sq. J 7]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02584
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 7a [-6.35 m] [sq. B 5]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0267
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 7b [-7.6 m] [sq. A 3]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02307
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 7b mid. [-7.25 m] [sq. L 8]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02508
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 8b [-7.95 m] [sq. C 5]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0271
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 8b [-8.0 m] [sq. B 4]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02741
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 9b [-7.8 m] [sq. B 6]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 9b [-8.9 m] [sq. H 3]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02653
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 9b [-9.1 m] [sq. H 3]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02941
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mitoc Malul Galben 9b [-9.3 m] [sq. K 6]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02538
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Molodova I "cultural strata 9 & 10": loessal alluvia [-6.5-7.0m]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02285
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 [Upper Paleolithic]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Molodova V [Kosoutsy] 7
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0237
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Molodova V [Kosoutsy] 9
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0281
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Moravany-Lopata II Concentration A [older occupation layer than conc. B...]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0214
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Moravany-Zakovska -0.5-0.55m [upper layer of youngest loess]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0181
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [EpiGravettian (Upper Paleolithic); according to Banesz 1996]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Mungo
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.038 ] • lower limit [ 0.042 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: 0
ARCHAEOLOGY: fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Nahal Oren VI
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01688
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Kebaran; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ndutu
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.49 ] • lower limit [ 0.6 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: STR;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 Acheulean;
HOMINIDS: heidelbergensis; rhodesiensis;

LOCALITY: Ndutu
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.26 ] • lower limit [ 0.5 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: OSL;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 Acheulean;
HOMINIDS: heidelbergensis; rhodesiensis;

LOCALITY: Nemrik 9 phase 4
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.01825 ] • lower limit [ 0.0377 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: Nemrikian; ACN; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Nemsova -4.5-4.6m
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02857
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Nitra-Cerman basal loess [-3m]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.023
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Kostienki]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Azariq 8
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.01516 ] • lower limit [ 0.0197 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Masraqan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Oblazowa 1 VIII
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01816
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Eastern]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ohalo II Loc. 1
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.01821 ] • lower limit [ 0.02105 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Masraqan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ohalo II Loc. 2
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.0175 ] • lower limit [ 0.01986 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Masraqan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ohalo II Loc. 3
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.01836 ] • lower limit [ 0.0201 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Masraqan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ohalo II Loc. 4
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01868
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Masraqan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ohalo II Loc. 6; surface
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02083
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Masraqan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ohalo II Loc. 7
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02007
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Masraqan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Okuzini layer XI; lithics phase 1
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01502
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 ; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Oliveira Cave [Almonda cave system] Mousterian cone
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.07025
DATE METHOD: URN;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Oueili E 87 67 2 (W 34) Phase II
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02447
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: Obeid 1; CH; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Pavlov I Browner soil below the cultural layer (1972)
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03001
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 [Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic)]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Pavlov I occup. horizon
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.026
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Pavlov I occup. horizon (1953); East
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02553
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Pavlov I occup. horizon (1954 excavation)
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02658
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Bacho Kiro 6b
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0327
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Pavlov I occup. horizon (1956)
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02502
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Pavlov I occup. horizon (1957); West
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02617
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Pego do Diabo 2 (top) [2a]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02308
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Dufour Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Peninj
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 1.1 ] • lower limit [ 1.2 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: BIO; PMG; ARG; ARG;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 Early Acheulean (LCT's);fire (any evidence)
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Pesko cave lowest layer - clay
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0352
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 early Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Petrkovice [occupation layer; ca. 1 m deep]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02337
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Pavlovian]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Pie[d] Lombard [cave] [Tour[r]ettes-sur-Loup] 4el-4d
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.1084
DATE METHOD: TML;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Typical Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Pinnacle Point 13a
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.12 ] • lower limit [ 0.164 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: OSL
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 mode5 mode5 symbol fire mode3 ; Point - projectile; Wooden spears found in a mine among the remains of butchered animal remains; wood tools; Levallois and Bladelet Technology;
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Pod Hradem Cave A 8
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0282
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Pod Hradem Cave A E
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02683
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: ?ENVIRONMENT; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Pontnewydd Cave
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.21 ] • lower limit [ 0.25 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: OIS; BIO
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 mode3 This cave has several levels of different ages; and most dates in the deposit are young; but these are not from the MSA; Neanderthal; Acheulean level.
HOMINIDS: heidelbergensis;

LOCALITY: Predmosti cultural layer [burial 1971]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02504
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Early Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire; evolved Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Pavlovian]; Venus of Galgenburg dancing women carved from serpentine rock ; sculpture- figure art
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Pushkari I cultural layer [-0.5-1.1m]: "loes II[I]"
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.021
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 [Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic)?]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Qesem Cave
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.2 ] • lower limit [ 0.382 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: URN
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 mode3 mode2 mode3 fire
HOMINIDS: heidelbergensis;

LOCALITY: Rascano Cave 7
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0291
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 ?Ancient Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Rose Cottage Cave
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.06 ] • lower limit [ 0.068 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: TML; OSL;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 blades backed blades flakes triangles and blanks primarily from fine-grained opaline (or chalcedony); Howiesons Poort;projectile; projectile- arrow; fire; hearth;
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Saccopastore
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.1 ] • lower limit [ 0.13 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: OIS;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 mode3 fire
HOMINIDS: neanderthalensis;

LOCALITY: Barbas III [Creysse] 4
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0435
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Mousterian [MTA]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Salzgitter-Lebenstedt [fluviatile sediments]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0556
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: neanderthalensis;

LOCALITY: Salzofenhohle Red-brown "phosphate earth" [="culture layer"*] from outer chamber
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.034
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Mousterian/FAUNA; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Sandalja II g
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0278
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Scladina
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.06 ] • lower limit [ 0.16 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: URN; OIS;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 fire dna
HOMINIDS: neanderthalensis;

LOCALITY: Shunera 16
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.0161 ] • lower limit [ 0.0162 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Masraqan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Siuren I G
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.00025
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Early Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Siuren I Ga
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02845
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Early Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Sodmein Cave
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.109 ] • lower limit [ 0.127 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14; TML;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 mode4 ; Burin; Levallois flake;Earliest bow and arrow (>61 Ka); pigments or ochre- unequivocal symbolic utilization; projectile points
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Spadzista St. A [humic soil; Stillfried B]*
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03095
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Spadzista St. B 6 [hearth I] [soliflucted loess at base of upper loess]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02304
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Beeches Pit
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.4 ] • lower limit [ 0.45 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: STR; TML; URN
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 mode2 fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Starosele level 1
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0356
DATE METHOD: ESR;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Micoquian;Fire use (Hearths): James S. R. Dennell R. W. Gilbert A. S. Lewis H. T. Gowlett J. A. J. Lynch T. F. et al. (1989). Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A Review of the Evidence [and Comments and Replies]. Current Anthropolog
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Starosele level 1
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.04 ] • lower limit [ 0.08 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD:
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Micoquian;Fire use (Hearths): James S. R. Dennell R. W. Gilbert A. S. Lewis H. T. Gowlett J. A. J. Lynch T. F. et al. (1989). Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A Review of the Evidence [and Comments and Replies]. Current Anthropolog
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Stillbay
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.071 ] • lower limit [ 0.0719 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD:
ARCHAEOLOGY: ;fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Stranska-skala IIa 4
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03235
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Stranska-skala III 5 [loam below soil of Bohunice]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0385
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Bohunician; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Stranska-skala IIIa 3 [humic soil]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03098
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Stranska-skala IIIa 4 [loam below soil of Bohunice]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0413
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Bohunician; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Stranska-skala IIIb 4
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0326
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Sungir
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0146
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 ;Venus of Willendorf carved in limestoe; sculpture- figure art; engraving; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Sungir
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.019 ] • lower limit [ 0.026 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 ;Venus of Willendorf carved in limestoe; sculpture- figure art; engraving; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Sungir burial 1
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02293
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Eastern Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Sungir c.i
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02054
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 [Eastern Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic)]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Swartkrans Member 3
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.62 ] • lower limit [ 1.04 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: URN;
ARCHAEOLOGY: disputed evidence of fire use; bone tools; digging stick?
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Tabun
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.04 ] • lower limit [ 0.05 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14; URN;
ARCHAEOLOGY: ;Wood ash repeated use of fire; fire hearths (uncontroversial evidence of fire)
HOMINIDS: neanderthalensis;

LOCALITY: Tabun E
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.2 ] • lower limit [ 0.4 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: ARG;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 ; Acheulean;fire;
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Temnata Cave TD-1: 3f [base]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0289
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Temnata Cave TD-V: 3a [bone from 3d]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0248
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 EpiGravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Terra Amata
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.23 ] • lower limit [ 0.38 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: TML;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 ;fire ;projectile-arrow; Human skull fragments and faunal remains used as "retouchers."; bone tools; ochre
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ubeidiya Trench I
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 1.4 ] • lower limit [ 1.6 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: BIO; ARG
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode1 mode2 mode2 mode1 Acheulean ;Biface - primitive or chopper; flake; fire (any evidence); oldowan; shopper
HOMINIDS: erectus;

LOCALITY: ucgiz Cave
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03225
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Upper Paleolithic; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: ucgiz Cave EpiPaleolithic
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01753
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 EP; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: ucgiz Cave layer B
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03267
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ahmarian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: ucgiz Cave layer F
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03502
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Transitional; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: ucgiz Cave layer G
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0391
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Transitional; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: ucgiz Cave layer H
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.03304 ] • lower limit [ 0.0394 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Transitional; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Umhlatuzna Rock Shelter
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.035 ] • lower limit [ 0.04 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 segments; Middle Stone Age; industry Howiesons Poort Stillbay Aterian; Red ochre and polish marks at bases of tools indicate possible adhesive use use for hafting; adhesive mastic; ochre- in situ; mastic;
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Umm el Tlel
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02037
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 ; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Umm el-Tlel V
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03031
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Indet; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Umm el-Tlel XI
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03079
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Transitional; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Urkan-e-Rubb 2; 2a
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.01519 ] • lower limit [ 0.01573 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Early Kebaran; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Uweinid 14 middle
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0184
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Late Kebaran; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Uweinid 14 upper
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0189
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Qalkhan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Uweinid 18 lower
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0232
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Masraqan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Uweinid 18 lower (or upper)
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0195
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Late Kebaran; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Uweinid 18 upper
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0198
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Late Kebaran; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Vale Almoinha 5 [A III]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01994
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Solutrean (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Vedrovice V 4 [10/c]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03515
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ancient Szeletian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Vedrovice V 4 [11/O]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0395
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ancient Szeletian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Vedrovice V 4 [17/I]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0376
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ancient Szeletian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Vedrovice V 4 [17/P]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03765
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ancient Szeletian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Bistricioara-Lutarie I
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02801
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Velika Pecina 2 g
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0273
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) II; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Velika Pecina 2 i
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03385
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) I; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Bistricioara-Lutarie II
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02345
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Vorontsov Cave [Grotte de la Petite according to Ljubin 1997. possibly one of "2" levels [2; 2a or 2b]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03568
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Late Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Weinberghohlen [Mauern 2] D [-1.5m] [2*]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.028265
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: WHS 1065
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01667
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Nizzanan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: WHS 1065 level 13
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.01657 ] • lower limit [ 0.01679 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Nizzanan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: WHS 1065 level 5
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0169
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Nizzanan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: WHS 1065 level 7
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01558
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Nizzanan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: WHS 1065 level 8
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01586
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Nizzanan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: WHS 618 upper
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.01896 ] • lower limit [ 0.02595 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Masraqan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: WHS 784X upper
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.019
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Masraqan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Willendorf II 2 / D1 mid. [*echantillon I; level 2]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0417
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Willendorf II 2 / D1 up.
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0416
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Willendorf II 2 / D1 up. [*echantillon II; level 1-2]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0395
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Willendorf II 3 / C8
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03793
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Blombos M2 level
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.074 ] • lower limit [ 0.09 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: OSL
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 mode3 fire bone_tools ochre carve; Bec; pigments or ochre - in situ; pigments or ochre - unequivocal symbolic utilization ;
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Willendorf II 4 / C4
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03121
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Willendorf II 4 / C4 [*echantillon II; level 4]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03206
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Willendorf II 5 / C2
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02727
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Willendorf II 5 / C2 [echantillon IV II; level 5]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0305
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Willendorf II 6 / B4
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0276
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Willendorf II 8 / B2
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02471
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Willendorf II below 8 / B3
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02399
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Wonderwerk Cave; Major Unit 1
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.0029 ] • lower limit [ 0.0125 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14; URN;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Late stone age;fire; fire hearths (uncontroversial evidence of fire), engraving
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Wonderwerk Cave; Major Unit 9
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.78 ] • lower limit [ 1.96 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: PMG; ALM;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 Mode 2; Early Acheulean; in situ; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Xihoudu
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.98
DATE METHOD: BIO; PMG;
ARCHAEOLOGY: Possible evidence of hominid stone modification.;Mandible Cranium; burial;
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Yabrud Mousterian
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02585
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Mousterian; MP; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Yediyapur Locality IV
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.99
DATE METHOD:
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 Mode 2;Fire (hearths); fire hearths (uncontroversial evidence of fire)
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Yuanmou
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.5 ] • lower limit [ 1.7 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: BIO; PMG
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode1 Mode 1;possible evidence of fire use in the form of reddened area and possible burned lithics at sites Fxjj50 and Fxjj20E(James S. R. et al. (1989). "Hominid use of fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A review of the evidence [and comments and repli
HOMINIDS: erectus;

LOCALITY: Yurovichi alluvial-colluvial laminated sand/sandy loam [-1.6-10.0m]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02647
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Zeeland Ridges
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.025 ] • lower limit [ 0.1 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: EST;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 Mode 2 technologies;Burned bones (fire?); fire (any evidence)
HOMINIDS: neanderthalensis;

LOCALITY: Zhoukoudian Locality 15
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.69 ] • lower limit [ 0.85 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: ALM
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode1 mode1 highly questionable fire
HOMINIDS: erectus;

LOCALITY: Zhoukoudian Tianyuan
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.039 ] • lower limit [ 0.042 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: ;Burned bones (fire);
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Zin D 5 site E22 D 5 / 8A; 8B
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01582
DATE METHOD: ARG; C14; ARG;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Geom. Kebaran; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Zuttiyeh Cave
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.126 ] • lower limit [ 0.78 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: EST
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 mode3 ; Late Acheulean; Middle Stone Age;
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Bodrogkeresztur [Henye Hill] [-25-47 cm]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0287
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Bohunice-cihelna 4a; loess below soil of Bohunice; cult[ure] 1
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.036
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Bohunician/palaeosol; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Boker A
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0336
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ahmarian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Boker A level 1
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.0334 ] • lower limit [ 0.03792 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ahmarian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Boker BE level I
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.02525 ] • lower limit [ 0.02561 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Boker BE level II
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.02463 ] • lower limit [ 0.02695 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ahmarian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Boker BE level III
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.02603 ] • lower limit [ 0.02745 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ahmarian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Boker Tachtit level 1
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.03495 ] • lower limit [ 0.04728 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Transitional; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Boker Tachtit level 4
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.035055
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Transitional; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Bolomor
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.1 ] • lower limit [ 0.35 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: ARG;
ARCHAEOLOGY: ;burial
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Rising Star Cave
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.05 ] • lower limit [ 4 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: NON
ARCHAEOLOGY: Burial and morturary activity? Are you kidding? Fire is nothing but total storytelling.
HOMINIDS: erectus;

LOCALITY: Border Cave
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.042 ] • lower limit [ 0.17 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: ESR; EST; STR; URN; C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Middle Stone Age; Microliths;fire (any evidence)
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Brassempouy [Grande Galerie 2] 2g sup. [square Q5]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03169
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Chatelperronian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Buhira-EHLPP2
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02568
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ahmarian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Buhira-EHLPP3
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0249
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ahmarian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Buraca Escura 2C {or 2B base]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02182
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Proto-Solutrean (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Buran-Kaya III "7-2"
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.032 ] • lower limit [ 0.036 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD:
ARCHAEOLOGY: points;Fire use (Hearths): James S. R. Dennell R. W. Gilbert A. S. Lewis H. T. Gowlett J. A. J. Lynch T. F. et al. (1989). Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A Review of the Evidence [and Comments and Replies]. Current Anthropology 3
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Cabeco de Porto Marinho III lower level
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02108
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Campitello Quarry
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.2
DATE METHOD: MIS; ARG;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 2 stone flakes; advanced Acheulean (techno-typological affinity with more accurately dated complexes (Mazza et al 2006); Acheulean; 200 artifacts with black residue corresponding to the part of tool that is grasped/handled inferred use of adhesive to atta
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Castelcivita rsa (upper)
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03293
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Dufour Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Castelcivita tg.29-30
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0427
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ceahlau-Cetatica II [II]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02106
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ceahlau-Cetatica II [III]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0267
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Cerowe Acheulean Loc 1
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.1 ] • lower limit [ 0.5 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: EST;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 Acheulean; handaxes flakes; Biface - cleaver; Biface - ovate; Biface - primitive or chopper; Biface- discoidal (discoid core); Disputed evidence for fire ; fire (any evidence);bone tools
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Chesowanja
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 1.42 ] • lower limit [ 2 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: ARG
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode1 mode1 maybe_fire Evidence of fire is based on baked clay found with stone artifacts and cobbles. Authors call the spatial arrangement of clay and stones "hearth-like" however they say the evidence is not conclusive.
HOMINIDS: robust australopithecus

LOCALITY: A du Blot [Cerzat] JM [hearth]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0217
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 early Proto-Magdalenian [Final Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic)]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Circeo
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.051
DATE METHOD: URN;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Mousterian pebble industry of Pontinian facies; fire
HOMINIDS: neanderthalensis;

LOCALITY: Columbeira; Gruta Nova 7
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.035876
DATE METHOD: URN;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Columbeira; Gruta Nova 8
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.060927
DATE METHOD: URN;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Coopers Cave
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 1.4 ] • lower limit [ 1.9 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: BIO; URN
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode1 mode1 ;fire (any evidence)
HOMINIDS: robust australopithecus

LOCALITY: Cueva Morin 10
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.027777
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Chatelperronian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Cueva Morin 5 [top]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.020107
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Cueva Morin 7
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.027238
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Archaic Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Cueva Morin 7/6
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.031471
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Archaic Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Cueva Morin 8a
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.027335
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Archaic Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Das Geissenklosterle [IIa]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.030625
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) I; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Das Geissenklosterle IIb
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03107
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) I; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Djade phase I
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.035
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: ;hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.031
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice I -4.5m [Middle part of the site; zone C]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02225
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 [Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic)]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice I [Middle part of the site; zone C]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01964
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 [Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic)]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice I Browner horizon below the cultural layer; sample 8
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02918
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 [Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic)]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice I Browner soil; W2/3
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03285
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 [Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic)]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice I cultural layer [upper part of the site; trench 10/90]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02595
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice I Cultural layer; sample 1
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02579
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire; Venus carvingEarly representation of human face and hair carved from ivory; sculpture- figure art; ceramics; fired clay sculpture
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice I Disturbed find horizon below the cultural layer
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02027
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 [Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic)]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice I Find horizon below the cultural layer; sample 6
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02779
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice I Find horizon; lower part of the site (stat. A); soil W 2/3
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0317
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice I Hearth 1; zone D (1979) (sample P.H.)
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02643
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: A du Mas Viel [St-Simon] C
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02677
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice I lower layer [lower part of the site; trench 1/90]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0293
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice I occup. horizon [Absolon excavation; 1936]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02582
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice I upper layer [lower part of the site; trench 1/90]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02725
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II 4th settl[ement]; sq. E3 - upper level of the brickyard
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02697
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Pavlovian]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II Brown soil below cultural layer; W 2/3 (P.H.) - West wall of the old brickyard
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02994
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: -; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II Brown soil below the find horizon - upper level of the brickyard
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.024005
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 [Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic): Pavlovian]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II Brown soil below the find horizon (II / 5) - upper level of the brickyard
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0279
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 [Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic): Pavlovian]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II Disturbed hearth (P.H.) - West wall of the old brickyard
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02447
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II Eastern hearth (II-2); 87 / 2; Bb 6 - upper level of the new brickyard
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02655
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Pavlovian]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II Hearth A-C (1985) - lower level of the new brickyard [depth = -4-5m]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02766
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II hearth close to triple burial - upper level of the new brickyard
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.024
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Pavlovian]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II Horizon below cultural layer (P.H.) - West wall of the old brickyard
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02822
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: -; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II Northern hearth (VI-6); 87 / 3; Ba 5 - upper level of the new brickyard
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02697
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Pavlovian]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II palaeosol [cultural layer] - East wall of old brickyard
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0283
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II sid celek 1 [1st settl[ement] sq. A/18-22; (II-2D); hearth D close to DV XVI] - upper level of the new brickyard
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02574
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Pavlovian]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II sid celek 2 [2nd settl[ement] sq. AaD/16-19; (II-4 CD); hearth 16/17] - upper level of the new brickyard
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02192
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Pavlovian]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II sid celek 3 [3rd settl[ement]; sq. CC 10-15; (II-3 DE); hearth 12/13] - upper level of the new brickyard.
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02263
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Pavlovian]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II skladka [mammoth bone accumulation at foot of western slope]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.022368
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II Southern hearth (IV / 8); 87 / 1; Bb 4 - upper level of the new brickyard
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02707
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Pavlovian]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II trojhrob [triple burial DV XIII-XV] - upper level of the new brickyard
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02664
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Pavlovian]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II Unit LP / 1-4 / MN-1/2 - upper level of the brickyard
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02639
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 [Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic): Pavlovian]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice II Western hearth (XXI / 6); 87 / 4; Ca 1 - upper level of the new brickyard
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02708
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Pavlovian]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Dolni Vestonice III Hearth (1993)
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02456
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Drimolen
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 1.45 ] • lower limit [ 2.21 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: BIO;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode1 bone tools; toothpick use; discolored bones have been suggested to have been burned and are interpreted as evidence for fire; but this is not a widely-held interpretation
HOMINIDS: robust australopithecus

LOCALITY: Duinefontein
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.16 ] • lower limit [ 0.4 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: BIO; OSL; TML
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 mode3 industry Late Acheulean; Stillbay;fire (any evidence)
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ein Aqev (D31) level 11
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01739
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ein Aqev (D31) level 12
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01998
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ein Aqev (D31) level 5
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0169
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ein Aqev (D31) level 7
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01752
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ein Aqev (D31) level 9
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01789
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: El Kowm 2
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.0235 ] • lower limit [ 0.0335 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: Neo.; PN; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Erd e* [-2.4m]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0443
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Esquicho-Grapaou BR1*
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02965
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) 0/I; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Esquicho-Grapaou C C2
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02771
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Esquicho-Grapaou SLC1A
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03185
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) 0; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Evron Quarry
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.78 ] • lower limit [ 1 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: PMG;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode1 mode2 mode2 mode1 Cores; Acheulean; Burin- awl; perforator; Notched flake; denticulate; Fire use (Hearths): James S. R. Dennell R. W. Gilbert A. S. Lewis H. T. Gowlett J. A. J. Lynch T. F. et al. (1989). Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene:
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Fazael 10; 11
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01545
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Masraqan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Fazael 9
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01766
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Atlitian; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Florisbad
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.214 ] • lower limit [ 0.294 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: ESR;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 fire
HOMINIDS: heidelbergensis; rhodesiensis;

LOCALITY: Abri Pataud
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03476
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) I; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gadeb
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.7 ] • lower limit [ 1.45 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: ARG
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode1 mode2 mode2; mode1; maybe fire; Acheulean Developed Oldowan; Very large collection of lithics with abundant handaxes.;Biface - cleaver;Early Chinese Acheulean;
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gaiyfa X
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.019525
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Late Kebaran; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Abri Pataud 11
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.032
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) I; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gesher Benot Yaakov
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.6 ] • lower limit [ 0.8 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: PMG BIO
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 fire mode2
HOMINIDS: heidelbergensis;

LOCALITY: Abri Pataud 12
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.031
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) 0; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gorhams Cave Upper Paleolithic
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02568
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic)[?]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr aux Ours [Gondenans les Moulins] 2
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0483
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr Barbara "tongue of sediment; adhering to the wall of the cave; and in a side fissure"
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02658
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Abri Pataud 2
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02138
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Proto-Magdalenian [Final Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic)]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr de la Mere Clochette X
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0258
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Chatelperronian (Upper Paleolithic)/?FAUNA; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. de la Chenelaz [Hostias] [base]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03338
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 basal Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. del Broion E
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02525
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. del Broion I [ca.5 m deep]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0406
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 final Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. del Fossellone 21
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02538
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) I; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. di Paina 9
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0386
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Dufour Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: A. Brugas [?O/A] [Vallabrix] 4
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.029
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Quina Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Abri Pataud 5
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02178
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Perigordian IV]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. La Cala tg.14
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02912
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: Uluzzian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. Paglicci 18B2
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0202
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Final Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. Paglicci 18B3
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02016
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Final Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. Paglicci 20B
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02126
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Evolved Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Perigordian Vb]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. Paglicci 20C
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02222
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Evolved Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Perigordian Vb]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Abri Pataud 6
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02434
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 latest Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. Paglicci 20CB
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02211
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Evolved Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Perigordian Vb]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. Paglicci 20DE
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02263
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Evolved Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Perigordian Vb]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. Paglicci 21A
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02304
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Evolved Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Perigordian Va]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. Paglicci 21B
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02347
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Evolved Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic) [Perigordian Va]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. Paglicci 21C
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02421
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Evolved Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Abri Pataud 7
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0293
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 evolved Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. Paglicci 24B2-1
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0343
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lowest Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. Salomone pre-Aurignacian level
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0251
DATE METHOD: URN;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 early Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic)*; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. St-Marcel [d Ardeche] [Bidon] G1 [ca.-2.5m]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02326
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Mousterian [final]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. Tournal (or Grande Grotte de Bize) [Bize-Minervois] C (Sq. K29)
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0336
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Gr. Tournal (or Grande Grotte de Bize) [Bize-Minervois] PC (Sq. N32)
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02587
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: late Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Grotte Chauvet "Mouchage torche (charbon 1)"
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02698
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 [Upper Paleolithic - charcoal]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Abric Romani Mousterian
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.04 ] • lower limit [ 0.07 ] • approximate age0.05
DATE METHOD: URN;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 MSA/Mousterian; mode3 fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Grotte Chauvet Echantillon 8
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02275
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: Paleolithic [sols charbons salle terminale]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Grotte des Pigeons
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.11
DATE METHOD:
ARCHAEOLOGY: ;ochre symbolism; figure; figure; fire;beads adornment
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Grotte du Bison
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.04 ] • lower limit [ 0.06 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: ARG; OIS;
ARCHAEOLOGY: ;Fire use (Hearths): James S. R. Dennell R. W. Gilbert A. S. Lewis H. T. Gowlett J. A. J. Lynch T. F. et al. (1989). Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A Review of the Evidence [and Comments and Replies]. Current Anthropology 30(1) 1
HOMINIDS: neanderthalensis;

LOCALITY: Abric Romani Upper Paleolithic
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.035
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Archaic Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Grotte du Renne; Arcy-sur-Cure
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01057
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 mode4 Lithics identified as Mousterian (levels 13-11) Chatelperronean (10-8) Aurignacian (7) and Gravettian (6-4); Mousterian; Upper Paleolithic; backed tools ;fire ;8000 ochre pieces and an elaborate bone industry; revealed ocher pieces and bonefragments engra
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Grotte du Renne; Arcy-sur-Cure
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.023 ] • lower limit [ 0.039 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 mode4 Lithics identified as Mousterian (levels 13-11) Chatelperronean (10-8) Aurignacian (7) and Gravettian (6-4); Mousterian; Upper Paleolithic; backed tools ;fire ;8000 ochre pieces and an elaborate bone industry; revealed ocher pieces and bonefragments engra
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Grotte du Renne; Arcy-sur-Cure IX
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0451
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Chatelperronian (Upper Paleolithic)/Early Upper Paleolithic*; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Grotte du Renne; Arcy-sur-Cure VII
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0318
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) [II]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Grotte du Renne; Arcy-sur-Cure VIII
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0335
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Final Chatelperronian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Grotte du Renne; Arcy-sur-Cure Xb
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0255
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lower Chatelperronian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: neanderthalensis;

LOCALITY: Grotte du Renne; Arcy-sur-Cure XII
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0337
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Late Middle Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Abrigo do Lagar Velho 6
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02218
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Proto-Solutrean (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Hamifgash 4
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01623
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Nizzanan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Hammeh 26
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0195
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Late Kebaran; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Hammeh 31 (t.a.)
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01674
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Kebaran; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Abu Hureyra level 155; Early Aceramic
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02202
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: PPNB; ACN; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Hoxne
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.35 ] • lower limit [ 0.5 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: ESR; URN;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 mode2 maybe_fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Huanglong Cave
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.0275 ] • lower limit [ 0.105 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: ESR; URN;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 fire mode2
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Abu Noshra 1
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.02595 ] • lower limit [ 0.035824 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ahmarian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Il skaya [layers 2-3]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0372
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Mousterian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Istallosko cave 8
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0309
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) II*; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Abu Noshra 6
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0311
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ahmarian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Jilat 6 upper
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01601
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Nizzanan; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Jilat 9
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02115
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kalambo Falls Site A
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.166 ] • lower limit [ 0.198 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: URN
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 mode2 fire ochre
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kalambo Falls Sangoan unit
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.065 ] • lower limit [ 0.085 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: URN
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode2 mode3; mode2; Sangoan; fire; bone tools
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Karain
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.04 ] • lower limit [ 0.3 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: ESR;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 ; Notched flake; denticulate; Prepared core - discoidal (discoid); Prepared core - Levallois flake or flake core; Scraper; Good evidence for fire; reddened area charcoal fire hardened wood; ochre; fire; ochre
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Karain B AH 18
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01674
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 EP; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Karain B AH 19
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.01592 ] • lower limit [ 0.01675 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 EP; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Karain B AH 21
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.017025
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Upper Paleolithic; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Karain B AH 21-23
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01625
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Upper Paleolithic; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Aggsbach a
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02267
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Karain B AH 22
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01836
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Upper Paleolithic; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Karain B AH 29
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.01763
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Upper Paleolithic; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Aggsbach b (main level)
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02576
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kebara Burial
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0448
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 mode3 fire ;Possible burial; burial mortuary; mortuary activity
HOMINIDS: neanderthalensis;

LOCALITY: Kebara Burial
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.0436 ] • lower limit [ 0.0452 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 mode3 fire ;Possible burial; burial mortuary; mortuary activity
HOMINIDS: neanderthalensis;

LOCALITY: Kebara I; base
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03451
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kebara I; hearth
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0343
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kebara I; subsurface
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0229
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kebara II; above hearth
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03267
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kebara II; burrow
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.0287 ] • lower limit [ 0.0314 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kebara II; hearth
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0428
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kebara II; top
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03392
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kebara III
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.036 ] • lower limit [ 0.0438 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ahmarian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kebara III or IV
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0425
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ahmarian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kebara III or IV; burrow
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0421
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ahmarian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kebara IV
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.02889 ] • lower limit [ 0.0437 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ahmarian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kebara or I
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.036
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kebara or III
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0356
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Ahmarian; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Aggsbach upper level
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02245
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 ?Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kharaneh 4 phase D
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0152
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 ?; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ain Ghazal
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02062
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: ; ACN; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Klasies River Mouth Cave 1 (Main Cave)
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.06 ] • lower limit [ 0.065 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: ESR; URN
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 mode4 fire; distinctive backed pieces (segments) trapezes;industry Howiesons Poort Stillbay Aterian; Biface bifacial point; Howiesons Poort; Microlith Backed blades; Blade; Ochre stained bone tools and ochre nodules; bone tools; ochre- in situ; ochre used as a
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Korman IV VII (layer 7)
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02514
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Early Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Korolevo II loess 2
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.035
DATE METHOD: TML;
ARCHAEOLOGY: -; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Korpach 4
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02525
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Early Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kostienki I Cultural layer 1
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.020855
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: ??; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kostienki I Cultural layer 3
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0259
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Early Upper Paleolithic [Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic)]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Kostienki I Cultural layer 3; sq. D 74
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0262
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Early Upper Paleolithic [Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic)]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Kostienki I Cultural layer 3; sq. E 72
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0256
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Early Upper Paleolithic [Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic)]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Kostienki VIII [Tel manskaya site] Cultural layer 2
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0245
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Early Upper Paleolithic [Telmanian]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Kostienki XII [Volkovskaya] Cultural layer 1a
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0287
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Early Upper Paleolithic - Streletskaya; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kostienki XIV [Markina Gora] Cultural layer 2: P 43; 64: trench III
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02858
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Streletskaya/Gorodtsovian* [Upper Paleolithic]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kostienki XVII [Spitsyn site] Cultural layer 2
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.03278
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Early Upper Paleolithic - Spitsyn; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Kostienki XVII [Spitsyn site] Cultural layer 2 ["lower layer"*]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0364
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Early Upper Paleolithic - Spitsyn; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: sapiens

LOCALITY: Kostienki XXI [Gmelinskaya]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02162
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: ??; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kostienki XXI [Gmelinskaya] Cultural layer 3
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02126
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kostienki XXI [Gmelinskaya] Cultural layer 3: burnt clay loam under the hearth.
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.026765
DATE METHOD: TML;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 [Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic)]; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Krems-Galgenberg hauptkulturschicht
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02995
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic)?; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Krems-Galgenberg hauptkulturschicht in Hanglage
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02821
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic)?; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Krems-Galgenberg oberste funschichte
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0292
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic)?; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Krems-Wachtberg
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.0274
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Gravettian (Upper Paleolithic); hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ksar Akil Stage IX (Tix Phase I)
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02205
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Nizzanan?; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ksar Akil Stage V - VI (Ewing VII-IX); 6-7 m
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02884
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian B-C; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ksar Akil Stage VI (Ewing VI)
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.0312 ] • lower limit [ 0.0324 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian C; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ksar Akil Stage VI (Ewing VII)
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02735
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Lev. Aurignacian C; Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Ksar Akil Stage VII (Tix Phase II) or 3b
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.02444
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode5 Early Kebaran; Epipaleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kulidivka [Kulichivka?]
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.033
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode4 Early Upper Paleolithic; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS:

LOCALITY: Kulna Cave 7a
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.04566
DATE METHOD: C14;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 Micoquian; hearth; fire
HOMINIDS: neanderthalensis;

LOCALITY: La Chapelle-aux-saints
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ ] • lower limit [ ] • approximate age0.047
DATE METHOD: ESR;
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 mode3 dna; MSA/Mousterian;burial; fire
HOMINIDS: neanderthalensis;

LOCALITY: La Chapelle-aux-saints
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.03 ] • lower limit [ 0.07 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD:
ARCHAEOLOGY: mode3 mode3 dna; MSA/Mousterian;burial; fire
HOMINIDS: neanderthalensis;

LOCALITY: La Ferrassie
DATE BRACKET: upper limit [ 0.03 ] • lower limit [ 0.07 ] • approximate age
DATE METHOD: C14; ESR; OIS;
ARCHAEOLOGY: ;burial mortuary; fire (any evidence); fire hearths (uncontroversial evidence of fire); mortuary activity
HOMINIDS: neanderthalensis;