Swartkrans Member 3,    South Africa Go to Data Dashboard
user: data author
upper age limit boundary
approx. average age
lower age limit boundary
dating method species (lumped) biology notes industry archaeology notes locality data notes paleoanthropology general notes

Henry
rate entry
0.62
1.04
URN;
URN on teeth; Balter V. Blichert-Toft J. Braga J. Telouk P. Thackeray F. & AlbarĖde F. (2007). U-Pb dating of fossil enamel from the Swartkrans Pleistocene hominid site South Africa. Earth and Planetary Science Letters.
disputed evidence of fire use; bone tools; digging stick?
Swartkrans Cradle of Humankind
Association of evidence for fire (burned bones) with hominid activity is highly controversial. For most this equivocal evidence for early fire is merely a footnote to the more reliable evidence found at Gesher Benot Yaakov (reliably dated to about 700 ka) and Yuanmou.
Burned bones
Brain C. K. (1958). The Transvaal ape-man bearing cave deposits. Transvaal Museum Memoir 11. 1967 The Transvaal Museum's fossil project at Swartkrans. South African Journal of Science 63 378-384.