C14 dating 40ka-35k but further C14 testing indicate infinite C14 dates therefore Lombard (2007) indicates further testing with new techniques needed. Lombard M. (2007). "The gripping nature of ochre: The association of ochre with Howiesons Poort adhesives and Later Stone Age mastics from South Africa." Journal of Human Evolution 53(4): 406-419; Henshilwood C. S. & Dubreuil B. (2011). The still bay and howiesons poort 77-59 ka: Symbolic material culture and the evolution of the mind during the african middle stone age. Current Anthropology 52 (3) 361-400.

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South Africa

Lombard M. (2007). "The gripping nature of ochre: The association of ochre with Howiesons Poort adhesives and Later Stone Age mastics from South Africa." Journal of Human Evolution 53(4): 406-419.; Wadley L. (2010). "Compound-Adhesive Manufacture as a Behavioral Proxy for Complex Cognition in the Middle Stone Age." Current Anthropology 51(S1): S111-S119.; Henshilwood C. S. and B. Dubreuil (2011). "The Still Bay and Howiesons Poort 77–59 ka." Current Anthropology 52(3): 361-400. James S. R. Dennell R. W. Gilbert A. S. Lewis H. T. Gowlett J. A. J. Lynch T. F. et al. (1989). Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A Review of the Evidence